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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

A |     由你来说：FS社新作《The Duskbloods》被批素材复用，玩家戏称FS社老传统了。    Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。你对“素材复用”的接受程度是怎么样的？近日，有玩家在社区发帖吐槽FS社新作《The Duskbloods》（暂译《黄昏血族》）的素材复用问题，认为游戏中的部分场景与FS社此前作品过于相似。    该玩家表示，自己只玩过《艾尔登法环》和《艾尔登法环 黑夜君临》，在体验《黄昏血族》时发现，游戏刚进入某个场景便产生了强烈的既视感，直言“这场景完全就是《艾尔登法环 黑夜君临》的翻版”，并询问这是否属于FS社一贯的素材复用风格。

B |     对此，有玩家认为FS社在贴图、模型以及动作等方面的复用确实比较明显，但这并不是什么严重的问题。“素材复用是很正常的事，不是什么大逆不道的过错”，只要游戏本身好玩，玩家并不会太过在意。    还有玩家表示，这种情况在FS社作品中早已不是新鲜事，并调侃称，过去《艾尔登法环》试玩时期，IGN相关试玩视频的弹幕中就经常出现“祖传骷髅”“祖传挠头”“祖传开门”等调侃。    也有玩家认为，FS社作品之间复用的不只是场景，贴图、模型和动作都存在明显的继承关系，看到游戏中的建模和动作，就能立刻感受到熟悉的FS社风格。    不过，对于《黄昏血族》到底更像哪一部作品，玩家之间也出现了不同意见。有玩家认为部分场景其实更接近《血源》。    从玩家讨论来看，FS社长期以来较为明显的素材复用已经成为其作品的一大特色。对于老玩家而言，这种复用既可能带来似曾相识的感觉，也被部分玩家视为FS社魂系风格的一部分。至于《黄昏血族》的具体素材复用程度，则仍要等游戏正式推出后才能进行更全面的判断。本文由游民星空制作发布，未经允许禁止转载。更多相关资讯请关注：The Duskbloods专区。

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